長毛兔飼養(yǎng)管理質(zhì)量直接影響兔毛生產(chǎn)性能，為獲得兔毛，需盡可能提高長毛兔的飼養(yǎng)管理水平，以免受到不當(dāng)飼養(yǎng)行為的影響而使長毛兔出現(xiàn)品種退化、發(fā)育不良、產(chǎn)毛量下降的問題。因此，長毛兔養(yǎng)殖人員應(yīng)以飼養(yǎng)為核心，構(gòu)建一套行之有效的管理技術(shù)體系，通過提高飼養(yǎng)管理質(zhì)量確保長毛兔養(yǎng)殖效益。

　　The quality of feeding and management of long haired rabbits directly affects the production performance of rabbit hair. In order to obtain high-quality rabbit hair, it is necessary to improve the feeding and management level of long haired rabbits as much as possible, so as to avoid the problems of breed degradation, poor development, and decreased hair production caused by improper feeding behavior. Therefore, long haired rabbit breeders should focus on feeding and establish an effective management technology system to ensure the efficiency of long haired rabbit breeding by improving the quality of feeding and management.

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　　長毛兔常規(guī)的飼養(yǎng)管理要點(diǎn)

　　Key points for routine feeding and management of long haired rabbits

　　（一）優(yōu)化圈舍環(huán)境

　　（1） Optimize the enclosure environment

　　圈舍作為長毛兔主要的飼養(yǎng)場地，其環(huán)境是否適宜直接影響長毛兔的生長發(fā)育，故應(yīng)注意優(yōu)化圈舍環(huán)境。

　　As the main breeding ground for long haired rabbits, the suitability of the environment in the enclosure directly affects the growth and development of the rabbits, so attention should be paid to optimizing the enclosure environment.

　　（1）溫度。將圈舍溫度控制在15～25℃，否則會(huì)影響長毛兔的產(chǎn)毛量。冬季可采用增添墊料或設(shè)置加熱設(shè)備的方式做好保溫處理，夏季采用空調(diào)、風(fēng)扇、噴水、通風(fēng)等措施降低圈舍溫度。

　　(1) Temperature. Control the temperature of the enclosure at 15-25 ℃, otherwise it will affect the hair production of long haired rabbits. In winter, insulation treatment can be done by adding padding or setting up heating equipment. In summer, measures such as air conditioning, fans, water spraying, and ventilation can be taken to reduce the temperature of the enclosure.

　　（2） 濕度。長毛兔圈舍空氣相對濕度應(yīng)控制在60%～70%。（3） 光照。要求圈舍內(nèi)每日光照時(shí)間達(dá)到12～16小時(shí)，但需避免陽光直射，必要時(shí)可通過布置人工光源補(bǔ)充光照。

　　(2) Humidity. The relative humidity of the air in the long haired rabbit enclosure should be controlled between 60% and 70%. (3) Illumination. It is required that the daily illumination time in the enclosure reach 12-16 hours, but direct sunlight should be avoided. If necessary, artificial light sources can be arranged to supplement the illumination.

　　（二）預(yù)防控制毛球病

　　（2） Prevention and control of hairball disease

　　長毛兔在飼養(yǎng)期間可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)誤食兔毛的現(xiàn)象，若兔毛未能及時(shí)排出，則會(huì)于胃中纏結(jié)成團(tuán)，誘發(fā)毛球病，若未及時(shí)則會(huì)導(dǎo)致長毛兔消化道阻塞，終死亡，因此長毛兔飼養(yǎng)期間需做好毛球病的預(yù)防工作。具體來看，可在長毛兔飼料中摻加高纖維成分，供應(yīng)提摩西草等干草，促進(jìn)腸道蠕動(dòng)，輔助長毛兔順利排出毛球， 還可適當(dāng)提供胡蘿卜葉、芹菜葉等高纖維蔬菜，增加長毛兔的纖維攝入量。此外，必要時(shí)可準(zhǔn)備木瓜蛋白酶，將其添加長毛兔

　　Long haired rabbits may accidentally consume rabbit hair during feeding. If the rabbit hair is not expelled in a timely manner, it will tangle into clumps in the stomach, causing hairball disease. If left untreated, it can lead to gastrointestinal obstruction and ultimately death in long haired rabbits. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures against hairball disease during the feeding of long haired rabbits. Specifically, high fiber components can be added to the feed of long haired rabbits, providing high-quality hay such as Timothy grass to promote intestinal peristalsis and assist in the smooth elimination of hairballs. High fiber vegetables such as carrot leaves and celery leaves can also be provided appropriately to increase the fiber intake of long haired rabbits. In addition, if necessary, papain can be prepared and added to long haired rabbits

　　飲用水或飼料中，起到分解毛發(fā)的作用，或定期使用化毛膏，幫助毛長兔潤滑腸道，促進(jìn)毛球排出。

　　In drinking water or feed, it plays a role in decomposing hair, or regularly using hair cream to help lubricate the intestines of long haired rabbits and promote the expulsion of hairballs.

　　（三）長毛兔兔毛管理

　　（3） Long haired rabbit fur management

　　兔毛質(zhì)量決定養(yǎng)殖效益，故在飼養(yǎng)管理過程中，需通過梳毛、剪毛做好兔毛管理工作。

　　The quality of rabbit hair determines the breeding efficiency, so in the process of feeding and management, it is necessary to do a good job in rabbit hair management through combing and shearing.

　　（1） 梳毛。梳毛的目的為避免兔毛纏結(jié)，同時(shí)清潔兔毛雜質(zhì)，飼養(yǎng)期間需將梳毛作為日常管理工作，長毛兔仔兔斷奶后以14 天為間隔梳毛1 次。梳毛時(shí)，梳子需順毛插入兔毛，由頸后部逐漸向下，到尾部后肢后從胸部梳理腿內(nèi)側(cè)，隨后梳理耳毛、臉頰等。若梳毛期間發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)塊現(xiàn)象，則需緩慢整理，不可強(qiáng)行梳理。

　　(1) Combing hair. The purpose of grooming is to avoid tangling of rabbit hair and clean impurities from the hair. During the feeding period, grooming should be a daily management task. Long haired rabbits should be groomed once every 14 days after weaning. When combing hair, the comb should be inserted into the rabbit hair along the hair, gradually downwards from the back of the neck, to the hind limbs of the tail, and then combed from the chest to the inside of the legs, followed by combing the ear hair, cheeks, etc. If clumping is found during combing, it should be done slowly and not forcibly combed.

　　（2）剪毛。根據(jù)長毛兔狀態(tài)合理設(shè)置剪毛期，要求剪毛期處于60～90天，剪毛頻率控制在每年4～5次，通過剪毛保障兔毛質(zhì)量。

　　(2) Trimming hair. Reasonably set the shearing period according to the condition of the long haired rabbit, requiring a shearing period of 60-90 days and a shearing frequency controlled at 4-5 times per year to ensure the quality of rabbit hair through shearing.

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　　不同長毛兔群體的

　　Different populations of long haired rabbits

　　飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)

　　Breeding and management techniques

　　（一）仔兔飼養(yǎng)

　　（1） Raising young rabbits

　　仔兔的食物為母乳，飼養(yǎng)期間需使仔兔盡量哺足初乳，借助初乳中的免疫抗體、蛋白質(zhì)提高仔兔身體機(jī)能、抗病力，同時(shí)還能促進(jìn)排便，保障仔兔成活率。做好母兔、仔兔的分養(yǎng)工作，以防母兔傷害仔兔。在母兔、仔兔分養(yǎng)過程中，母兔每日早晨、夜晚各喂奶1次，定時(shí)喂養(yǎng)。當(dāng)仔兔開眼后及時(shí)調(diào)整其采食習(xí)慣，提供嫩青草進(jìn)行飼喂，適時(shí)斷奶。

　　The best food for young rabbits is breast milk. During the feeding period, it is necessary to encourage young rabbits to breastfeed their colostrum as much as possible, using the immune antibodies and proteins in colostrum to improve their physical function and disease resistance. At the same time, it can also promote defecation and ensure the survival rate of young rabbits. Do a good job in the separate breeding of mother rabbits and offspring rabbits to prevent mother rabbits from harming offspring rabbits. During the process of separating mother rabbits and offspring rabbits, the mother rabbits are fed once a day in the morning and once at night, with regular feeding. After the baby rabbits open their eyes, adjust their feeding habits in a timely manner, provide tender green grass for feeding, and weaned them at the appropriate time.

　　（二）幼兔飼養(yǎng)

　　（2） Raising young rabbits

　　幼兔是指斷奶且尚未達(dá)到3月齡的長毛兔，幼兔抵抗力相對較弱，需加強(qiáng)營養(yǎng)，每天飼喂4～5次，飼料以精料、青料為主，不可飼喂高粗纖維含量的粗硬飼料。幼兔管理期間需按照體況大小進(jìn)行分籠，每籠3～4只，若存在體弱幼兔，則可單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)，改善其體質(zhì)。當(dāng)幼兔達(dá)到2月齡后可進(jìn)行剪毛，剪掉乳毛可促進(jìn)幼兔發(fā)育，對于體弱幼兔，剪毛時(shí)間可適當(dāng)延后。

　　Young rabbits refer to long haired rabbits that have been weaned and have not yet reached 3 months of age. Young rabbits have relatively weak resistance and need to be nourished. They should be fed 4-5 times a day, mainly with concentrated and green feed, and should not be fed with high crude fiber content coarse hard feed. During the management of young rabbits, they should be divided into cages according to their physical condition, with 3-4 rabbits per cage. If there are weak young rabbits, they can be raised separately to improve their physical condition. When young rabbits reach 2 months of age, the first shearing can be carried out. Trimming milk hair can promote the development of young rabbits. For weak young rabbits, the first shearing time can be appropriately postponed.

　　（三）青年兔飼養(yǎng)

　　（3） Raising young rabbits

　　青年兔是指3月齡后未配種前的長毛兔，該長毛兔群體已成年，機(jī)體性能大幅提升，患病率降低。飼養(yǎng)期間可喂青粗料500～600克，適當(dāng)添加混合精料50～70克。青年兔的飼養(yǎng)在于分籠飼養(yǎng)，需將公兔、母兔分籠，避免出現(xiàn)濫配、早配現(xiàn)象，與此同時(shí)，不作種用的公兔及時(shí)去勢，可提高產(chǎn)毛量10%～15%。

　　Young rabbits refer to long haired rabbits from 3 months of age to before mating. This population of long haired rabbits has reached adulthood, with significantly improved physical performance and reduced disease incidence. During the feeding period, 500-600 grams of green coarse feed can be fed, and 50-70 grams of mixed concentrate can be added appropriately. The key to raising young rabbits is to keep them in separate cages. Male and female rabbits should be kept in separate cages to avoid overbreeding and early mating. At the same time, male rabbits that are not used for breeding should be castrated in a timely manner, which can increase hair production by 10% to 15%.

　　（四）種母兔飼養(yǎng)

　　（4） Breeding of mother rabbits

　　種母兔在長毛兔養(yǎng)殖飼養(yǎng)過程中尤為重要，需根據(jù)種母兔狀態(tài)采取適宜的飼養(yǎng)策略。當(dāng)種母兔處于空懷期時(shí)，需提供足量營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)使其盡快復(fù)膘，可在飼料中添加少量精料與青草，同時(shí)注意觀察種母兔體況，科學(xué)調(diào)整飼料中碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)的含量。對于妊娠期的種母兔，按照1.5倍空懷期飼料營養(yǎng)水平進(jìn)行喂養(yǎng)，可在基礎(chǔ)飼料基礎(chǔ)上添加混合精料80～100克，同時(shí)做好護(hù)理工作，確保妊娠期種母兔時(shí)刻屬于良好狀態(tài)。種母兔飼料時(shí)應(yīng)注意預(yù)防乳房炎，當(dāng)種母兔完成喂奶后需檢查其乳房狀態(tài)，發(fā)現(xiàn)硬塊及時(shí)熱敷、按摩。

　　Breeding mother rabbits is particularly important in the process of raising long haired rabbits, and appropriate feeding strategies should be adopted based on the status of the mother rabbits. When the breeding mother rabbit is in the empty period, sufficient nutrients should be provided to help it regain weight as soon as possible. A small amount of concentrated feed and high-quality grass can be added to the feed, while paying attention to the physical condition of the breeding mother rabbit and scientifically adjusting the content of carbohydrates and proteins in the feed. For pregnant female rabbits, they should be fed at 1.5 times the nutritional level of the empty pregnancy feed. 80-100 grams of mixed concentrate can be added to the basic feed, and proper care should be taken to ensure that the pregnant female rabbits are in good condition at all times. When feeding female rabbits, attention should be paid to preventing mastitis. After feeding female rabbits, their breast condition should be checked, and if hard lumps are found, they should be promptly hot pressed and massaged.

　　（五）種公兔飼養(yǎng)

　　（5） Breeding of male rabbits

　　種公兔飼養(yǎng)過程中，需根據(jù)其是否處于配種期來合理調(diào)整飼料配比。對于非配種期的種公兔，需使其營養(yǎng)水平保持中等，體況控制為不肥不瘦，每天添加適量蛋白質(zhì)及維生素。同時(shí)，每天提供青綠飼料800～1000克、精飼料80～100克。對于處于配種期的種公兔，其生理負(fù)擔(dān)較重，需補(bǔ)充營養(yǎng)，尤其是補(bǔ)充維生素、礦物質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)，提高種公兔精液質(zhì)量。

　　During the breeding process of male rabbits, it is necessary to adjust the feed ratio reasonably based on whether they are in the mating period. For non breeding male rabbits, their nutritional level should be kept moderate, their physical condition should be controlled to be neither fat nor thin, and an appropriate amount of protein and vitamins should be added daily. At the same time, provide 800-1000 grams of green feed and 80-100 grams of refined feed per day. For male rabbits in the mating period, their physiological burden is heavy, and they need to be fully supplemented with nutrients, especially vitamins, minerals, and proteins, to improve the quality of their semen.

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